Plug & Charge, ISO 15118 and the Role of Root CAs

The ISO 15118 Plug & Charge standard relies on trusted certificate authorities (CAs) to authenticate vehicles, charging stations, and backend systems. Two major players operate today:

1. Hubject V2G Root CA (long-standing operator, widely embedded in European vehicles)
2. Irdeto CrossCharge / CharIN PKI (recently took over operation of CharIN’s PKI, expanding in Europe & North America)

For EV adoption, it is crucial to know which OEMs are likely to trust which Root CA.